The Prime Minister Narendra Modi led Union Cabinet, approved the ‘One Nation, One Election’ proposal on September 18, 2024. The bill is expected to be introduced in the winter session of Parliament. This reform intends to simplify India’s electoral procedures by aligning Lok Sabha and state assembly elections, significantly transforming the way elections are conducted in the country.
The approval of the bill came after the recommendations of a prominent committee led by former President Ram Nath Kovind. After consulting with political parties and legal experts, the panel submitted a detailed report earlier in March 2024, putting forward the idea for simultaneous elections. Out of the 47 political parties consulted, 32 showed agreement for the initiative, while legal experts also advocated the need of necessary constitutional amendments.
To execute the proposed plan of elections, it is necessary to make amendments in several constitutional provisions, such as Article 172, which governs the term of state legislatures, and Article 356, related to President’s Rule. Additionally, changes to the Representation of the People Act, 1951, are critical to ensuring that elections can be synchronised across states and the centre.
Those in favour of the ‘One Nation, One Election’ initiative argue that staggered elections hinder economic growth and disrupt governance. A report emphasised that frequent elections lead to inefficient public participation and decision-making, as governments shift focus to short-term electoral gains. Public opinion also appears to support the reform, with a majority of 80% of over 21,000 respondents favouring the idea.
However, logistical obstacles remain a big concern. The Election Commission of India (ECI) has pointed out issues related to managing concurrent elections, specifically the need for major amendments in election laws and infrastructure.
While the BJP seems to have conquered this reform, opposition parties, including the Congress, have raised objections. Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge stated that the initiative is impractical and referred to it as a smart move by the government to divert attention from ongoing issues. Opposition also argued that simultaneous elections could undermine federalism, as states may lose autonomy in deciding their election schedules.
The bill, if passed, would bring an enormous fundamental transformation to India’s electoral landscape. The law could be implemented in phases, starting with Lok Sabha and state assembly elections, followed by local body elections. As the winter session approaches, the entire nation is watching closely to see how this major electoral reform progresses in Parliament.
With its potential to reshape the Indian political scenario, the ‘One Nation, One Election’ proposal is expected to ignite significant debate in the coming days ahead.
